Why are many people in India
asking for an end to 'reservation' when they should be asking for an end to
'caste'? Solving the wrong problem is the seed for a future problem.
Reservations and other affirmative actions are variables to be directed to
whom and where it is needed. It is something you can do about when there is a
problem. Caste like race is a non-variable. It is something that you cannot do
anything about.
'Discrimination' can be on the basis of variables (marks, grades, performance,
etc).
'Discrimination' cannot be on the basis of
non-variables (caste, race, etc).
When a non-variable suffers disadvantage it is important to look at whether
the non-variable can be removed or the disadvantage can be removed. For
instance a person's height is a non-variable so that means we cannot do
anything about the height so any disadvantage that relates to the height ought
to be removed. So is race.
Caste however though a non-variable is one we could do without. So caste can
be removed/eliminated from the equation. Indian caste based reservation system
is based on a utility free non-variable, so remove the caste (non-variable) and
redirect the reservation to variables that can actually be improved over a
period of time.
I am not against reservations but I am against caste. That is more or less
like, I am not against intensive care but I am against poor healthcare. If you
reduce poor healthcare, then intensive care begins to be used appropriately.
Otherwise intensive care becomes the only right place for everyone - that would
not make sense, would it?
An ancient oral tradition story of the origin
of caste (no religion, scripture, or god invoked and from a perspective not
normally known to us - caste as a betrayal) from An Ancient Śūdra Account of the Origin of Castes Hyla S. Converse and Arvind Sharma Journal of the American Oriental Society Vol. 114, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1994), pp. 642-644 http://www.jstor.org/stable/606171
There was once a great and powerful man who ruled
over all the land. He had four sons, all of whom were intelligent and gifted.
When the man died he left his undivided property to all four sons. For a time
they lived contentedly together, sharing the work and the wealth.
Then the second son went off, with other warriors, to seek adventure and further riches. He asked
his youngest brother to take care of his share of responsibilities for the
property while he was gone and to see to what- ever his family needed done,
promising to re-assume these burdens when he returned. The youngest brother
generously agreed. After a time the oldest brother decided to go to a hermitage
and seek spiritual fulfillment. He, too, asked his youngest brother to take
over his chores and family cares. The third brother was very clever in business
and became so preoccupied in trading ventures that he also left to his younger
brother the everyday burdens of property and family. So the youngest brother
rendered service to the older three for some years.
At last the older three brothers returned, each
successful in his own endeavors. And they no longer wished to re-assume the
burdens which their youngest brother had carried for them in their absence.
They preferred to continue to pursue their own interests unhampered. And so,
instead of showing their youngest brother gratitude and honor for all he had
done for them, the older three banded together and burdened him permanently
with all those tasks that were distasteful to them, requiring him to be their
servant.
From then on, all the descendants of the youngest
brother were named Sudras and were required to be the servants of the
descendants of the three older brothers.
(http://www.jstor.org/stable/606171)
Understanding social classifications ( the
Indian caste system)
Varna
is often thought of as caste, it is also thought to refer to colour. The
original meaning of Varna
seems to refer 'to choose'; the word and its meaning is therefore very
empowering. It indicates free will combined with responsibility.
Here is when we need to refer to Atreya Smriti.
Atri is a Brahmarishi and one of the saptarishis directly from the Rg Veda. (in
the grand scheme Atri is more ancient, authentic than Manu of manusmriti).
Atreya Smriti states:
"janmana jayate shudrah
samskarad dvija ucyate
vedapathi bhaved viprah
brahma janati brahmanah
Everyone is born a Shudra
By following disciplines (samskaras), he becomes a dwija (twice born).
By study (of Vedas/scriptures), he becomes a vipra (Learned/wise/scholar)
By knowing/realising the supreme spirit (brahman), he becomes a brahmin."
Hence Varna
is a choice that is guided by aspiration, ability and achievement. Nothing to
do with birth. Varna
is found within families, among tribes/communities. Varna is not transferred or transmitted by
birth.
The desire to pass on our credentials to our
future generations is of course incredibly attractive (for instance monarchy
and hereditary peerage etc). It is the Indian races' extraordinary and ultimate
selfishness that created the heredity based caste system. It is one of the
greatest example of anti rtu (the natural way of things) and hence in my view
anti-vedic.
Genealogy, tribes and communities are extremely
important to our identities - no one can deny that. The caste system as
practiced currently in India,
is the grotesque permanent disfigurement of Indian society by turning an
achievement based recognition as heredity, that is the bane of the land now
called India.
May the future heal these thousands of years of
injuries in a principled manner.
Wrong Influences that persist till today
Manu and Manusmriti is a source of many of the
current problems in India's
social systems. There is not much doubt that Manu and Manusmriti are great
works. How did a great work of the past became a problem of the current times?
This is when it is important to recognise the
criticality of language, culture and heritage - when they are interfered with,
problems happen. Dharma does not translate to or mean religion; Sanatana Dharma
does not translate to or mean Hinduism. Sanskrit
words often have no real English equivalents and when translation into English
is attempted it often becomes meaningless (yet due due to the dominance of the
English language, the distortion becomes the norm).
Similarly, Manusmriti was never 'hindu law' it
was observations, aide-memoire, a reference book for the powers of the society
to reflect on before acting. The East India Company and the British crown due
to the lens of their own culture and background of the Abrahamic
(Judeo-Christian-Islamic) nature wanted a Hindu law and the most recent,
accessible and detailed text was the Manusmriti which was one of the first
texts they translated (so that a equivalent of Koranic law was available for
the majority of their subjects); they even coined the term Hindu(ism) in the
18th/19th century thus creating the current 'religion' of 'Hinduism'. The word
Hindu never referred to a religion, it originally refers to a region and its
people.
While Manusmriti remains a significant source of
reflection, it bears the curse of the East India Company. Time to shake it off.
The British did not create caste in India, social problems indeed
existed for ages. What the British did was to lock out many angles of Bharath's
own reflection and replaced it with a dominant stream of thinking that was not
Indian. Translate that which is not translatable, codify that which should not
be codified. In the case of Manusmriti they treated a thesaurus as the book of
law.
This is an example of what happens when language,
culture and history gets distorted and replaced - the soul of entire
populations are left in disarray for many generations. It is important to mix
freely and add richness to each others cultures but foolish to abandon your own
in the process.
My conclusion is that the people of the country
now called India
need to reclaim a range of aspects/lenses/angles/views then apply those to
abolish the current abhorrent social injustice called the caste system. Calling
for new/additional reservations is very divisive for the Indian society,
calling for abolition of caste based reservation when caste persists is mind
numbingly illogical due to thousands of years prejudice that is built into
Indian genes in the matter of caste. My prediction and hope is when the caste
system is abolished it will herald a new dawn not just for the land of Bharath
but for the whole world by unleashing an unstoppable energy that comes from one
of the oldest well developed civilisations on earth. Time to unshackle.
©M HEMADRI
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